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'B> 5<C 45;0BL? =>385 AG8B0NB, GB> ;N1>5 MB8G5A:>5 @5H5=85  MB> =@02AB25==0O 48;5<<0, 0 MB8G5A:89 2K1>@ (2 1>;LH8=AB25 A;CG052) - =5B. >4>1=>5 G@57<5@=>5 :>=F5=B@8@>20=85 =0 48;5<<5 2545B : C<0;5=8N @>;8 =>@<0;L=KE, ?>2A54=52=KE MB8G5A:8E @5H5=89. 0?@8<5@, 4>;6=> ;8 : :>@>20< ?@8<5=OBLAO >1571>;820=85 2 ?>AB>?5@0F8>==K9 ?5@8>4 (?>A;5 :5A0@520 A5G5=8O)? =>385 48;5<<K =>AOB A:>@55 ?@0:B8G5A:89 E0@0:B5@, G5< MB8G5A:89 (?>4@07C<5205BAO  A>?5@=8G5AB2> =@02AB25==KE 8 157=@02AB25==KE <>B82>2). 0?@8<5@, <>65B ;8 25B5@8=0@ ?>A?5H=> ?@>25AB8 E8@C@38G5A:CN >?5@0F8N A B5<, GB>1K 2>2@5<O CA?5BL : B@0=A;OF88 DCB1>;L=>3> <0BG0? >?>;=8B5;L=0O ;8B5@0BC@0: ASCIONE, F.R. & ARKOW, P., 1999: Child abuse, Domestic Violence and Animal Abuse. Purdue University Press. 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"0:85  ?>2545=G5A:85 4>:070B5;LAB20 =0;8G8O A>7=0=8O ?>4@>1=> @0AA<0B@820NBAO 2 :=835 0@85= !B5<? 0C:8=A  ">;L:> =0H8<8 3;070<8? (Marian Stamp Dawkins,  Through Our Eyes Only? ) !AK;:8: DAWKINS, M.S., 1993: Through Our Eyes Only? The Search for Animal Consciousness. W.H. Freeman. " ;(  xH  0e ? ̙33l ; 0 , $  (  X  C Q   $   S x  18    !CI5AB2C5B =5A:>;L:> 0@3C<5=B>2, :>B>@K5 >1KG=> 8A?>;L7CNBAO B5<8, :B> 2KA:07K205BAO ?@>B82 ?@8A2>5=8O 682>B=K< 2=CB@5==59 <>@0;L=>9 F5==>AB8. 48= 87 0@3C<5=B>2 - CB25@645=85, GB> B>;L:> ?@54AB028B5;8 2840 Homo sapiens 70A;C6820NB <>@0;L=>3> AB0BCA0. >;55 45B0;L=> MB>B ?>4E>4 1C45B @0AA<>B@5= ?@8 0=0;875 :>=F5?F88  28487<0 . -B8G5A:0O B5>@8O, 8<5=C5<0O :>=25=F8>=0;L=>9 MB8:>9, >A=>2K205B <>@0;L=K5 ?@8=F8?K =0 =5:>9 2>>1@0605<>9 4>3>2>@5==>AB8 <564C G;5=0<8 >1I5AB20. @54?>;0305BAO, GB> ?>4>1=0O 4>3>2>@5==>ABL 4>AB8305BAO 2 >1I5AB25 =0 >A=>25 2708<>2K3>4=>AB8. "0: :0: 682>B=K5 =5 <>3CB ?@8=8<0BL CG0AB8O 2 ?>4>1=>3> @>40  4>3>2>@0E 8  ?5@53>2>@0E , >=8 2K2>4OBAO 70 @0<:8 <>@0;8. 4=8< 87 =081>;55 @0A?@>AB@0=5==KE A?>A>1>2 2K@065=8O ?>4>1=>9 MB8:8 O2;O5BAO CB25@645=85:  GB>1K 8<5BL ?@020, =04> 8<5BL B0:65 8 >1O70==>AB8 . >4>1=> 4@C38< 0@3C<5=B0<, >B25@30NI8< <>@0;L=K9 AB0BCA 682>B=KE, :>=25=F8>=0;L=0O MB8:0 B0:65 2K@0605B =5:>B>@>5  15A?>:>9AB2> ?> ?>2>4C B0: =07K205<KE  <0@38=0;L=KE A;CG052 . -B> :0A05BAO B>3>, GB> >1I5AB2>, =5A<>B@O =8 =0 GB>, =5 ;8H05B <>@0;L=>3> AB0BCA0 A>2A5< <0;5=L:8E 45B59 8 ;N459 A A5@L57=K<8 C<AB25==K<8 =0@CH5=8O<8, E>BO >=8, :0: 8 682>B=K5, =5 A?>A>1=K CG0AB2>20BL 2 B0:8E 2>>1@0605<KE A>3;0H5=8OE. ">340 ?>G5<C 65 682>B=K< >B:070=> 2 <>@0;L=>< AB0BCA5? !AK;:0: SCRUTON, R., 1996: Animal Rights and Wrongs. Demos. ISBN 1 898309 82 5.~k  ~Hj   K   H  0e ? ̙33< 0 "(  X  C Q      S d  18   $  A;8 4;O A>7=0=8O 8;8 ?>=8<0=8O =5>1E>48<0 15AA<5@B=0O 4CH0, 0 682>B=K5 ;8H5=K 55, 7=0G8B >=8 =5 A?>A>1=K >A>7=020BL 8;8 ?>=8<0BL GB>-;81>. !>3;0A=> MB>9 B>G:5 7@5=8O, 682>B=K5 @0AA<0B@820NBAO :0: ;8H5==K5 @07C<0 <0H8=K. >4>1=>3> B8?0 4>2>4K 83=>@8@CNB 4@C385 4>:070B5;LAB20 =0;8G8O A>7=0=8O C 682>B=KE. 5:>B>@K5 D8;>A>DK AG8B0NB, GB> 4;O ACI5AB2>20=8O A>7=0=8O =5>1E>48< O7K:. K;8 ?>?KB:8 >1CG8BL >?@545;5==KE 682>B=KE O7K:C (G0AB> 4;O MB>3> 8A?>;L7>20;8 H8<?0=75 8 O7K: A8<2>;>2). !B5?5=L 4>AB83=CB>3> CA?5E0 - 2>?@>A A?>@=K9. >=5G=>, G5;>25G5A:89 O7K: ?><>305B =0< ?>=OBL ?A8E8G5A:85 A>AB>O=8O ;N459 8 ?>25@8BL 2 =8E. >, >B@8F0O =0;8G85 A>7=0=8O C  15AA;>25A=KE 682>B=KE, =5 ?CB05< ;8 <K D0:B 2K@065=8O ?A8E8G5A:8E A>AB>O=89 A D0:B>< 8E 459AB28B5;L=>3> ACI5AB2>20=8O ? 5 O2;O5BAO ;8 MB> ?>?KB:>9  A25@E8=B5;;5:BC0;870F88 =5:>B>@KE ?@>ABKE ?A8E8G5A:8E A>AB>O=89. "@C4=> ?>25@8BL 2 B>, GB> 45B8 =5 A?>A>1=K 8A?KBK20BL 1>;L, ?>:0 =5 >2;045NB O7K:>2K<8 =02K:0<8. 0: 1K B> =8 1K;>, >G5=L 2>7<>6=>, GB> 1>;55 A;>6=K5 ?A8E8G5A:85 A>AB>O=8O, B@51CNI85 01AB@0:B=>3> <KH;5=8O, 459AB28B5;L=> =52>7<>6=K 157 O7K:0. K <>3;8 1K A:070BL, GB>, ?>A:>;L:C 682>B=K5 =5 <>3CB A0<>AB>OB5;L=> 2K@078BL A>1AB25==K5 ?@54?>GB5=8O 8 ?>B@51=>AB8, <K 4>;6=K 1KBL 1>;55 GCB:8<8 : =8<. >?>;=8B5;L=0O ;8B5@0BC@0: CAVALIERI, P., ADAMS, D. & GOODALL, J., 1995: The Great Ape Project: Equality Beyond Humanity. St. Martin's Press. LEAHY, M.P.T., 1991: Against Liberation: Putting Animals in Perspective. Routledge. Also, Descartes and Wittgenstein l #.0+34    k   H  0e ? ̙33= 0 |tP (  X  C Q   t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ughes) 8 ;5: (Black), 1973 ). @0A>G=K< 87>1@065=85< 46C=3;59 =0 45:>@0F8>==>< 704=8:5 703>=0 8;8 :;5B:8 2 7>>?0@:5 <>6=> >4C@0G8BL ?>A5B8B5;59, A>7402 =5:>B>@CN 8;;N78N 5AB5AB25==>AB8. 82>B=KE 65 2=CB@8 703>=0 A 8E <>=>E@><0B8G5A:8< 7@5=85<, => >AB@K< >1>=O=85<, =5 B0: ;53:> ?@>25AB8. 8487<:  :AD>@4A:>< A;>20@5 0=3;89A:>3> O7K:0 MB>B B5@<8= >?@545;O5BAO :0: 48A:@8<8=0F8O 8;8 M:A?;C0B0F8O >?@545;5==KE 284>2 682>B=KE ;N4L<8, >A=>20==0O =0 CB25@645=88 ?@52>4AE>4AB20 G5;>25:0. -B>B B5@<8= G0AB> C?>B@51;O5BAO B0: 65, :0: B5@<8=K, >1>7=0G0NI85 =5A?@0254;82CN 48A:@8<8=0F8N ?> @0A>2><C ( @0A87< ) 8 ?>;>2><C ( A5:A87< ) ?@87=0:0<. 4=0:> 4>:070=>, GB> ?@8=04;56=>ABL 8=48284CC<0 : ;N1>9 87 ?5@5G8A;5==KE 18>;>38G5A:8E :;0AA8D8:0F89 (@0A0, ?>; 8;8 284) =5 <>65B AG8B0BLAO MB8G5A:8 @5;520=B=K< (ACI5AB25==K<) >A=>20=85< 4;O 53> 48A:@8<8=0F88. >?>;=8B5;L=0O ;8B5@0BC@0: HUGHES, B.O. and BLACK, A.J., 1973: The preferences of domestic hens for different types of battery cage floor. British Poultry Science 14, 615-619. 3A*nPc 1  ^   6 H 9         )   %  I  %    *  d     r  _           <  4  hH  0e ? ̙338 0 VN(  X  C Q   N  S j  18   :#B8;8B0@87<  MB8G5A:0O B5>@8O, :>B>@0O ?@8405B 1;LH55 7=0G5=85 @57C;LB0B0< (?>A;54AB28O<) 459AB289, =565;8 @C:>2>4OI8< 8<8 ?@028;0< 8;8 ?@8=F8?0<. 4=0 87 53> @0==8E D>@< CB25@640;0, GB> <K >1O70=K A25AB8 : <0:A8<C<C B>, GB> 8<5=C5BAO  ?>;57=>ABLN (?>4 ?>;57=>ABLN ?>4@07C<520;>AL AG0ABL5 8;8 A2>5>1@07=K9 ?5@525A C4>2>;LAB28O =04 1>;LN). ! 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B> 2@5<O :0: 2 =>@<5 C =8E 4>;6=> 1K;> 1K A@01>B0BL B25@4>5 =@02AB25==>5 ?@028;>  ?><>GL B5<, :B> =0E>48BAO 2 A<5@B5;L=>9 >?0A=>AB8. 5OA=> B0:65, =0A:>;L:> B>G=> <K <>65< ?@>8725AB8 ?>4AG5BK, >A>15==> :>340 70B@0BK 8 ?@81K;8 >BE>4OB : @07=K< 8=482840< (70B@0BK  : >4=8<, 0 ?@81K;L  : 4@C38<). 0?@8<5@, CB8;8B0@=0O D>@<0 0=0;870  70B@0B-@57C;LB0B>2 G0AB> 8A?>;L7C5BAO B5<8, :B> @07<KH;O5B =04 2>?@>A>< >B=>A8B5;L=> >?@0240==>AB8 8 4>?CAB8<>AB8 8A?>;L7>20=8O 682>B=KE 2 M:A?5@8<5=B5. A;8 =0< =5>1E>48<> ?@8G8=8BL C<5@5==>5 AB@040=85 100 :@>;8:0< 4;O B>3>, GB>1K 8<5BL 10%-K9 H0=A A>740=8O 20:F8=K ?@>B82 :0:>3>-;81> ;53:>3> 701>;520=8O C ;N459, B> :0: 65 =0< ?@>8725AB8 @0AG5B? >7<>65= ;8 2>>1I5 10;0=A <564C 70B@0B0<8 8 ?@81K;LN, 5A;8 >4=8 15@CB =0 A51O 2A5 70B@0BK, 0 4@C385 ?>;CG0NB 2AN ?@81K;L? 6AT  &     _               .          D  M    $      '            ; *   "      DX A       G          G H  0e ? ̙33~A 0 >6(  X  C Q   6  S |  18   @C30O D>@<0 CB8;8B0@87<0 @0AA<0B@8205B F5==>ABL @57C;LB0B0 (?>A;54AB289) 459AB28O, =5 >3@0=8G820OAL @0<:0<8 ;8HL C4>2>;LAB28O 8 1>;8. -B0 B5>@8O CB25@6405B, GB> <K 4>;6=K <0:A8<0;L=> C4>2;5B2>@8BL A>1AB25==K5 ?@54?>GB5=8O. A;8 4>?CAB8BL, GB> 682>B=K5 B0:65 8<5NB ?@54?>GB5=8O, B> <K 4>;6=K 2:;NG8BL 8E 2 @0AG5BK. -B0 D>@<0 CB8;8B0@87<0 8A?>;L7>20=0 8B5@>< !8=35@>< (Peter Singer) 2 53> :=835  A2>1>645=85 682>B=KE ( Animal Liberation ). ! B>G:8 7@5=8O 53> ?>=8<0=8O 8458 @025=AB20 8=B5@5A>2 (87;>65==>9 2KH5), A0< 284 8=48284CC<0 (G5;>25:, :>70 8 B.4.), >1;040NI53> B0:8<8 ?@54?>GB5=8O<8, =8:0: =5 2;8O5B =0 53> =@02AB25==CN, <>@0;L=CN F5==>ABL (7=0G8<>ABL). !8=35@>2A:0O 25@A8O CB8;8B0@=>9 B5>@88 ?>@>48;0 =5:>B>@K5 @048:0;L=K5 2K2>4K, 0 8<5==> - B@51>20=85 >B:070BLAO >B 1>;LH8=AB20 D>@< 2545=8O A5;LA:>3> E>7O9AB20 8 8AA;54>20=89 A 8A?>;L7>20=85< 682>B=KE. !8=35@ AG8B05B, ?>;L70, :>B>@CN <K 872;5:05< 87 B0:>3> @>40 A5;LA:>E>7O9AB25==>9 8 8AA;54>20B5;LA:>9 ?@0:B8:8, =8:0: =5 >?@024K205B ?@8G8=O5<KE ?@8 MB>< 682>B=K< AB@040=89.  G0AB=>AB8, >= >1@0I05B 2=8<0=85 =0 B>, GB> >A=>2=K5, DC=40<5=B0;L=K5 8=B5@5AK 682>B=KE (2 G0AB=>AB8, AB@040=8O CB>: 8 3CA59, :>B>@KE =0A8;L=> :>@<OB 4;O ?@>872>4AB20 ?0HB5B0 87 3CA8=>9 ?5G5=:8 - pt de foie gras) ?@8=>AOBAO 2 65@B2C =5ACI5AB25==K< 8=B5@5A0< G5;>25:0 (2 >?8A0==>< ?@8<5@5 MB> ?@>AB>5 2:CA>2>5 C4>2>;LAB285). 0: 1K B> =8 1K;>, CB8;8B0@=K5 B5>@88 ?>72>;ONB 8A?>;L7>20BL 1>;55 ?@03<0B8G=K5 ?>4E>4K, 2 >?@545;5==>< A<KA;5 65@B2CO ?@8=F8?0<8 2> 8<O @57C;LB0B0, >B :>B>@>3> 682>B=K5 <>3CB A:>@55 =5<=>3> 2K83@0BL, G5< =5<=>3> ?@>83@0BL. "0:8< >1@07><, 2<5AB> B>3>, GB>1K 70=OBL :0B53>@8G5A:CN ?>78F8N ?@>B82, A:065<,  M:A?;C0B0F88 682>B=KE , AB>@>==8: CB8;8B0@=>3> ?>4E>40 <>65B ?>4AG8B0BL, GB> 2 <8@5 1K;> 1K 1>;LH5 AG0ABLO, 5A;8 1K :>;8G5AB2> A2>1>4=>-2K3C;L=KE A28=59 1K;> 1>;LH5, G5<  ?@><KH;5==KE - 4065 5A;8 687=L A2>1>4=>-2K3C;L=KE 682>B=KE 40;5:0 >B 8450;0 8 2 8B>35 2A5 @02=> 70:0=G8205BAO =0 =0H59 A 20<8 B0@5;:5. !AK;:8: SINGER, P., 1995: Animal Liberation. Pimlico 6  ; 6  $         1   $    $  g      N   I  e 5   A   *@       b   ;>  ) :     6 8 7 H  0e ? ̙33t> 0 4,(  X  C Q   ,  S @  18   -B8G5A:85 A8AB5<K, >A=>20==K5 =0 >1O70B5;LAB20E, =07K20NBAO  45>=B>;>38G5A:8<8 (>B 3@5G5A:>3> 45>=B>A - >1O70B5;LAB2>). >4>1=K5 B5>@88 CB25@640NB, GB> ACI5AB2C5B @O4 >1O70B5;LAB2, :>B>@K5 ?@028;L=K A0<8 ?> A515, =57028A8<> >B 1C4CI8E ?>A;54AB289. !>3;0A=> >4=>9 87 :;0AA8G5A:8E 45>=B>;>38G5A:8E B5>@89, <K 4>;6=K >B=>A8BLAO : G5;>25:C :0: : F5;8, 0 =5 :0: : A@54AB2C; B.5. <K =5 4>;6=K 8A?>;L7>20BL 4@C38E ;N459, ?@>O2;OO =5C2065=85 : 8E 2=CB@5==59 F5==>AB8 8 4>AB>8=AB2C (4065 87 :0:8E-;81> 4>1@KE ?>1C645=89). K =5 8<55< ?@020 1@>A8BL G5;>25:0 70 1>@B, 4065 5A;8 MB> ?@54>B2@0B8B ?>B>?;5=85 ;>4:8 8 A?0A5B >AB0;L=KE ;N459. -            ' E   !  a   b H  0e ? ̙33B 0 vn (   X   C Q   n   S %  18    4=>9 87 D>@< 45>=B>;>38G5A:>9 MB8G5A:>9 B5>@88 O2;O5BAO B5>@8O  ?@02 682>B=KE .  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">< 530= (Tom Regan) CB25@6405B, GB> <;5:>?8B0NI85 8 ?B8FK O2;ONBAO AC1J5:B0<8 687=8. -B> >7=0G05B, GB> >=8 =5GB> 1>;LH55, G5< ?@>AB> 682K5 8 A>7=0B5;L=K5 ACI5AB20: C =8E 5ABL C15645=8O, 65;0=8O, ?0<OBL, M<>F8>=0;L=0O 687=L 8 <=>385 4@C385 ?A8E8G5A:85 A?>A>1=>AB8, :>B>@K5 45;0NB 8E 687=L 1;03>?>;CG=>9/=51;03>?>;CG=>9. 530= AG8B05B, GB> 2A5 MB> ?@8405B 682>B=K< 2=CB@5==NN F5==>ABL, 87 :>B>@>9 2KB5:0NB 8E ?@020. 081>;55 DC=40<5=B0;L=K< ?@02>< 682>B=>3> O2;O5BAO ?@02> =0 ?@87=0=85 53> 2=CB@5==59 F5==>AB8. -B> ?@02> CAB0=02;8205B 65AB:CN =>@<C, 70?@5I0NICN 8A?>;L7>20=85 682>B=KE 2 :0G5AB25 @5AC@A0 4;O ;N459. -B> B@51>20=85 (=>@<0) 4>;6=> A>1;N40BLAO =57028A8<> >B ?>A;54AB289 8 @57C;LB0B>2. -B>B ?>4E>4 : ?@020< 682>B=KE B@51C5B 70?@5B8BL A5;LA:>E>7O9AB25==>5 @072545=85 682>B=KE 8 M:A?5@8<5=BK =04 =8<8.  B> 2@5<O :0: CB8;8B0@=0O D8;>A>D8O @0AA<0B@8205B >B45;L=KE 8=48284>2 :0: G0ABL F5;>3>, B5>@8O ?@02 2>7428305B 2>:@C3 8=482840 A2>5>1@07=K9 701>@, 4>ABC? 70 G5@BC :>B>@>3> 70?@5I5= =57028A8<> >B B>3>, A:>;L:8< 87 4@C38E 8=48284>2 MB> <>3;> 1K ?@8=5AB8 ?>;L7C. -B> @048:0;L=0O B>G:0 7@5=8O, :>B>@0O 2@064C5B A >1I5?@8=OB>9 ?> 2A5<C <8@C ?@0:B8:>9. !AK;:8 REGAN, T, 1984: The Case for Animal Rights. Routledge. London.Z_*4           V          9   D            )   q E           WI H   0e ? ̙33^? 0 (  X  C Q     S j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ernard Rollin) 2 A2>59 :=835  2545=85 2 25B5@8=0@=CN <548F8=A:CN MB8:C (An Introduction to Veterinary Medical Ethics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n Introduction to Veterinary Medical Ethics: Theory and Cases. Iowa State University Press.6?T!        S 0"    /     *   : ,         7     :     %  K         ]                     z H  0e ? ̙33nF 0 .&0$(  $X $ C Q   & $ S `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ood Ethics. Routledge.6c 0      (    $ ,               ~/    Q N    #          R $      !  >    <     +V    bA 0             GJ      = 4 H $ 0e ? ̙33X 1 0   P0 (  0X 0 C Q     0 S $  18   >@>9 ?>=OB8O  ?@020 682>B=KE 8  1;03>?>;CG85 682>B=KE @0AA<0B@820NBAO :0: 2708<>8A:;NG0NI85, ?@>B82>@5G0I85 4@C3 4@C3C 8458.  >A=>2=>< MB> ?@>8AE>48B B>340, :>340 70I8B=8:8 1;03>?>;CG8O @0AA<0B@820NBAO :0: ?@03<0B8G=K5 CB8;8B0@8ABK. >340 8E >701>G5==>ABL ?@>1;5<0<8 ?@54>B2@0I5=8O 65AB>:>AB8 : 682>B=K< 8 ?@8G8=5=8O 8< =5>?@0240==KE AB@040=89, 0 B0:65 3C<0==>3> >1@0I5=8O A 682>B=K<8, =5 2KE>48B 70 @0<:8 B@048F8>==>3> 8A?>;L7>20=8O 682>B=KE G5;>25:><. A;8 ?>4E>48BL A MB8E ?>78F89, B>, 1C4CG8 C25@5==K<8, GB> 682>B=>5 ?@>68;> E>@>HCN 687=L 8 1K;> 7018B> 1571>;57=5==>, <K <>65< >?@0240BL 53> C189AB2> A F5;LN ?>;CG5=8O <OA0. -B> ?@>B82>@5G8B @O4C ?@8=F8?>2 :>=F5?F88 ?@02 682>B=KE, 2 G0AB=>AB8, B5<, :>B>@K5 1K;8 2K@065=K 530=>< (Regan): ?@02> 01A>;NB=> 8 ?5@525H8205B ;N1K5 2>7<>6=K5 (4065 A0<K5 2K3>4=K5) @57C;LB0BK. "0:8< >1@07><, ?@02> 682>B=KE =0 687=L ?@52KH5 ;N1KE 2K3>4 >B 8E C189AB20. -B0 @048:0;L=0O B>G:0 7@5=8O, :>B>@0O ?@87K205B >B:070BLAO >B <=>38E ?@82KG=KE, B@048F8>==KE A?>A>1>2 8A?>;L7>20=8O 682>B=KE. !AK;:8 REGAN, T., 1985: in In Defence of Animals (Ed. Singer). Blackwell.6Qn  `     A    3      #         =       6  V H 0 0e ? ̙336D 0 @4(  4X 4 C Q    4 S P  18   @>=OB8O  1;03>?>;CG85 682>B=KE 8  ?@020 682>B=KE =5 >1O70B5;L=> 4>;6=K ?@>B82>?>AB02;OBLAO. 59AB28B5;L=>, ?@8 C?>B@51;5=88 B5@<8=>2  ?@02> 8  1;03>?>;CG85 ?@8<5=8B5;L=> : ;N4O< <K G0AB> 8A?>;L7C5< 8E 2 548=>< 4CE5. 04> ?>=8<0BL, GB> ;N48 8<5NB <>@0;L=K5 ?@020 =0 >?@545;5==K5 CA;>28O, A?>A>1AB2CNI85 8E 1;03>?>;CG8N. "5, :B> 70=8<05BAO =0C:>9 > 1;03>?>;CG88 682>B=KE, =5 >1O70B5;L=> ?@8=8<0NB 2A5 ACI5AB2CNI85 ?@0:B8:8 8A?>;L7>20=8O 682>B=KE. 59AB28B5;L=>, =0C:0 > 1;03>?>;CG88 682>B=KE <>65B ?@54AB028BL 4>:070B5;LAB20 B>3>, GB> >B<5=0 :0:>9-;81> E>7O9AB25==>9 ?@0:B8:8  =@02AB25==0O =5>1E>48<>ABL. 0?@8<5@, =0CG=0O >F5=:0 AB@040=89 A>45@60I8EAO 2 :;5B>G=KE 10B0@5OE :C@-=5ACH5: A?>A>1AB2>20;0 22545=8N 2@>?59A:8< !>N7>< 70:>=>40B5;L=>3> 70?@5B0 =0 8E 8A?>;L7>20=85, :>B>@K9 2ABC?8B 2 A8;C A 2012 3>40. 2865=85, 8725AB=>5 :0:  >2>5 1;03>?>;CG85 ( New Welfarism ), ?KB05BAO ?@5>4>;5BL @0A:>; <564C @048:0;L=>9 B5>@859 ?@02 682>B=KE 8 @50;L=K<8 ?>;8B8G5A:8<8 2>7<>6=>ABO<8. 3> ?>A;54>20B5;8 AG8B0NB, GB> =5>1E>48<> >B:070BLAO >B M:A?5@8<5=B>2 =04 682>B=K<8, => >=8 B0:65 AG8B0NB, GB> ?>>I@5=85 1>;55 3C<0==>3> >1@0I5=8O A M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=K<8 682>B=K<8  MB> C65 206=K9 H03 =0 ?CB8 : MB><C. >7<>6=0 B0:65 <5=55 @048:0;L=0O 8=B5@?@5B0F8O  ?@02 682>B=KE . @02> =5 >1O70B5;L=> 4>;6=> 1KBL 01A>;NB=K<; >=> <>65B 1KBL >?@545;5=> :0: >G5=L AB@>3>5 <>@0;L=>5 B@51>20=85, :>B>@>5, >4=0:>, <>6=> >1>9B8, 5A;8 =0 B> 5ABL >G5=L 25A:85 >A=>20=8O. >-2B>@KE, :>=F5?F8O ?@02 682>B=KE A0<0 45B0;L=> =5 >?@545;O5B, :0:85 8<5==> ?@020 8<5NB 682>B=K5.  G0AB=>AB8, 87 =55 =5 2KB5:05B >4=>7=0G=>, GB> 682>B=K5 8<5NB ?@02> =0 687=L. 0?@8<5@, <K A0<K< >?@545;5==K< >1@07>< <>3;8 1K CB25@640BL, GB> A>10:8 8<5NB ?@02> =5 8A?>;L7>20BLAO 2 1>OE 4;O 70102K ;N459. >4>1=0O ?>78F8O =5 A2>48;0AL 1K : ?>4AG5BC 70B@0B 8 2K3>4, MB> 1K;> 1K ?@>ABK< CB25@645=85< B>3>, GB> A>10GL8 1>8 0<>@0;L=K, 8 B>G:0! "0==5=10C< (Tannenbaum) CB25@6405B, GB> >1;0ABL >?@545;5=8O 1;03>?>;CG8O H8@5, G5< >1;0ABL >?@545;5=8O ?@02 682>B=KE, ?>A:>;L:C ?>GB8 2A5 =0H8 459AB28O 2 >B=>H5=88 682>B=KE 70B@03820NB 8E 1;03>?>;CG85 (G0AB> >G5=L =57=0G8B5;L=>). "0:, A>10:0 $84> <>3;0 1K =0A;048BLAO 4>?>;=8B5;L=K<8 ?OBLN <8=CB0<8 A2>59 CB@5==59 ?@>3C;:8, => 1K;> 1K 3;C?> CB25@640BL, GB> >=0 8<55B =0 MB> ?@02>. ! 4@C3>9 AB>@>=K, 1>;L 1K;0 1K >G5=L A5@L57=K< 7;>< 4;O =55, 8 ?>MB><C C =0A 5ABL 2A5 >A=>20=8O CB25@640BL, GB> >=0 8<55B ?@02> 871560BL 1>;8. -B> ?@02> =5 >1O70B5;L=> 01A>;NB=>, >4=0:> 53> <>6=> >1>9B8, ;8HL 8<5O =0 B> A0<K5 A5@L57=K5 >A=>20=8O (=0?@8<5@, 1>;57=5==0O >?5@0F8O, :>B>@0O <>65B A?0AB8 $84> 687=L). !AK;:8: TANNENBAUM, J., 1995: Veterinary Ethics: Animal Welfare, Client Relations, Competition and Collegiality. 2nd Edition. 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Z  ,   * H  0e ? ̙33X 0 TL  (   X   C Q   L    S H  18    >=OB85 @025=AB2> 8=B5@5A>2 B5A=> A2O70=> A :>=F5?F859 28487<0. @8=F8? >48=0:>2>3> >1@0I5=8O A 682>B=K<8 2A5E 284>2 :065BAO >H81>G=K<  @07=K5 284K 8<5NB @07=K5 ?>B@51=>AB8. 0?@8<5@, :>H:0< =C65= :>H0G89 BC0;5B, => ?>4>1=>5 A@54AB2> 2@O4 ;8 ?@83>48BAO 7>;>B>9 @K1:5; 8;8 65, A2>1>40 25@>8A?>2540=8O :@09=5 206=0 4;O G5;>25:0, => =03@0640BL MB8< :>@>2C ?@>AB> 01AC@4=>. 5A<>B@O =0 B>, GB> :>=F5?F8O @025=AB20 8=B5@5A>2 4>?CA:05B @07;8G8O 2 >1@0I5=88 A @07=K<8 682>B=K<8, >=0 2<5AB5 A B5< B@51C5B, GB>1K ?@8 ?@8=OB88 MB8G5A:8E @5H5=89 <K ?@84020;8 @02=>5 7=0G5=85 8E AE>68< 8 ACI5AB25==K< A B>G:8 7@5=8O <>@0;8 8=B5@5A0<. 0?@8<5@, 5A;8 C40@K 8 H;5?:8 >48=0:>2> 1>;57=5==K 8 4;O :>7K, 8 G5;>25:0, B> <K =5 4>;6=K ?@8G8=OBL 1>;L =8 :>75, =8 G5;>25:C. @8=F8? @025=AB20 8=B5@5A>2 4>?CA:05B =5@02=>5 >B=>H5=85 : G5;>25:C 8 682>B=><C ;8HL 2 B>< A;CG05, 5A;8 <564C ;N4L<8 8 MB8< 682>B=K< ACI5AB2C5B <>@0;L=> @5;520=B=0O (ACI5AB25==0O) @07=8F0. -B> =5 >1O70B5;L=> ?@54?>;0305B, GB> 687=L ;N1>3> 682>B=>3> B0: 65 F5==0, :0: 687=L G5;>25:0, B>G=> B0: 65, :0: 8 =5 ?@54?>;0305B B>3>, GB> 2A5 ;N48 8<5NB 1>;55 2KA>:89 <>@0;L=K9 AB0BCA, G5< ?@54AB028B5;8 4@C38E 284>2. >?>;=8B5;L=0O ;8B5@0BC@0: SINGER, P., 1990: Animal Liberation. 2nd Edition~v$   $     Y      ^  % *     #  2   7  P  K  T H   0e ? ̙33 0 @ (  X  C Q   %  S 4% 18  % " H  0e ? ̙33O 0 ~v(  X  C Q   v  S   18   h >=8<0=85 MB8:8 <>65B 1KBL 2 8=B5@5A0E A0<>3> 25B5@8=0@0. 5@=0@4 >;;8= (Bernard Rollin, A?5F80;8AB ?> 25B5@8=0@=>9 MB8:8 87 #=825@A8B5B0 >;>@04>, !() 4;O >?8A0=8O GC2AB20 M<>F8>=0;L=>3> =0?@O65=8O ?@8 ?@8=OB88 G5;>25:>< @5H5=89, 70B@03820NI8E 53> A>25ABL, 8A?>;L7>20; B5@<8=  <>@0;L=K9 AB@5AA : =0?@8<5@, M2B0=078O 74>@>2>3> 682>B=>3>-:><?0=L>=0 8A:;NG8B5;L=>  4;O C4>1AB20 53> E>7O8=0. 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